IMUNOTERAPIA COM BCG COMO ESTRATÉGIA TERAPÊUTICA NO CÂNCER DE BEXIGA
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Abstract
INTRODUÇÃO: O câncer de bexiga é o sétimo câncer mais comum diagnosticado na população masculina em todo o mundo, possui alto índice de mortalidade e requer tratamento agressivo na maioria dos casos, uma vez que menos de 15% dos pacientes sobrevivem dois anos se não tratados. Nesse sentido, Bacillus Calmette-Guerin (BCG), que foi desenvolvido a priori como vacina para o tratamento da tuberculose, apresenta potencial promissor no tratamento do câncer de bexiga, atuando na tentativa de evitar a cirurgia radical em pacientes, sendo indicado para tratamento do câncer de alto risco. OBJETIVO: Esclarecer como a vacina BCG pode ser utilizada como estratégia terapêutica no câncer de bexiga, além de apresentar possíveis efeitos adversos. MÉTODOS: Uma revisão de escopo foi realizada na base de dados Biblioteca Virtual em Saúde (BVS) com uso dos descritores “vacina BCG” e “câncer de bexiga”, no recorte temporal de 2017 e 2022, nos idiomas português, inglês e espanhol, no qual o assunto principal era “imunoterapia”. RESULTADOS: A vacina BCG atua erradicando as células tumorais restantes de uma ressecção original, prevenindo e/ou retardando a progressão dos tumores para uma doença mais invasiva e, simultaneamente, evitando a cirurgia radical empregada nesses casos, a cistectomia. CONCLUSÃO: Apesar do uso recomendado da vacina BCG como terapia no câncer de bexiga ao longo dos últimos anos, novas ideias sobre a ampla possibilidade dessa estratégia continuam a surgir. Dentre esses insights estão incluídos métodos para melhorar o desempenho do BCG nos pacientes por meio da identificação de biomarcadores, bem como a combinação com outras terapias.
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